Live Broiler Chicken Rate
Nepal
Live chicken rate which are changed during 2079 Asoj are as follows
Rate had been changed two time during this month
- 2079.06.31 Live broiler chicken rate Rs. 260
- 2079.06.22 Live broiler chicken rate Rs. 270
Coccidiosis in Poultry**Coccidiosis** is a common and economically significant parasitic disease in poultry, particularly affecting young birds. It is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus *Eimeria*, which invade and damage the intestinal lining. This disease can cause severe gut inflammation, impaired nutrient absorption, poor growth, and even death in severe cases. Preventing and controlling coccidiosis is essential in poultry production to maintain flock health and productivity.
Causes of Coccidiosis
- **Causative Agents**: Coccidiosis is caused by several species of *Eimeria*, with each species targeting different parts of the intestine. - Some of the main species affecting chickens are *Eimeria tenella*, *Eimeria acervulina*, and *Eimeria maxima*.- **Transmission**: - **Fecal-Oral Route**: Birds contract coccidiosis by ingesting oocysts (the infectious form of the parasite) shed in the feces of infected birds. - **Contaminated Environment**: Oocysts can survive in moist, warm litter and soil, making hygiene and litter management important for control.
Symptoms of Coccidiosis
The severity of symptoms depends on the *Eimeria* species, the bird’s age, and environmental conditions.
1. **Intestinal Symptoms**: - **Diarrhea**, often with mucus and sometimes blood (especially in cases caused by *E. tenella* or *E. necatrix*). - Dehydration due to fluid loss in severe infections. - **Loss of appetite** and reduced feed intake.
2. **Poor Growth and Development**: - Weight loss and poor growth, particularly in young chicks. - Stunted development and decreased feed efficiency.
3. **Lethargy and Weakness**: - Birds may appear listless, ruffled, and reluctant to move. - Some severely affected birds may huddle together or have drooping wings.
4. **Mortality**: - In cases of severe infection, high mortality rates can occur, especially in young birds.
Diagnosis of Coccidiosis
- **Clinical Signs**: Observation of diarrhea, weight loss, and reduced activity can indicate coccidiosis, especially in young flocks.- **Laboratory Testing**: - Microscopic examination of fecal samples to identify oocysts. - Necropsy to inspect for lesions in the intestines, which can help determine the specific *Eimeria* species.
Prevention of Coccidiosis
1. **Vaccination**: - Coccidiosis vaccines, typically containing live but attenuated (weakened) *Eimeria* species, are available and can help build immunity, especially in young birds. - Vaccination is common in breeding flocks and commercial operations to reduce reliance on anticoccidial drugs.
2. **Biosecurity and Sanitation**: - Regularly clean and disinfect housing to reduce oocyst buildup. - Keep litter dry and replace it periodically to limit the conditions favorable for oocyst survival.
3. **Environmental Control**: - Reduce moisture in the environment by ensuring proper ventilation and using dry litter material. - Avoid overcrowding, as higher bird density increases the risk of fecal contamination and parasite spread.
4. **Coccidiostats in Feed**: - Coccidiostats (anticoccidial drugs) are often added to poultry feed to prevent coccidiosis. These drugs inhibit the growth of *Eimeria* parasites. - Examples include **amprolium**, **monensin**, **salinomycin**, and **narasin**. - **Rotation** of coccidiostats is recommended to prevent drug resistance.
Treatment of Coccidiosis
If an outbreak occurs, treatment should be started immediately, as coccidiosis progresses rapidly.
1. **Anticoccidial Medications**: - **Amprolium** is a common treatment that can be administered in drinking water. It helps to inhibit the parasite's development in the gut. - Other treatments include **sulfadimethoxine** and **sulfaquinoxaline**. - Dosage and treatment duration depend on the medication type and bird age, so it’s essential to follow veterinary advice.
2. **Supportive Care**: - Provide clean, fresh water to prevent dehydration, as fluid loss can be significant. - Adding electrolytes and vitamins (such as A and K) to the water can help reduce stress and aid recovery.
Impact of Coccidiosis on Poultry Production
Coccidiosis can cause significant economic losses in poultry production due to: - Poor growth rates and reduced feed conversion. - Decreased egg production in layers and breeders. - Costs associated with medication and treatment. - Mortality and increased susceptibility to secondary infections.
Summary
Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease in poultry that affects the intestines, leading to diarrhea, poor growth, lethargy, and mortality, especially in young birds. Prevention is primarily achieved through proper hygiene, vaccination, environmental control, and the use of coccidiostats. Early detection and timely treatment with anticoccidial drugs are essential to manage outbreaks. By maintaining good litter management, biosecurity, and strategic use of medications, farmers can effectively reduce the impact of coccidiosis on their poultry flocks.
**Coccidiosis** is a common and economically significant parasitic disease in poultry, particularly affecting young birds. It is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus *Eimeria*, which invade and damage the intestinal lining. This disease can cause severe gut inflammation, impaired nutrient absorption, poor growth, and even death in severe cases. Preventing and controlling coccidiosis is essential in poultry production to maintain flock health and productivity.
Causes of Coccidiosis
- **Causative Agents**: Coccidiosis is caused by several species of *Eimeria*, with each species targeting different parts of the intestine.
- Some of the main species affecting chickens are *Eimeria tenella*, *Eimeria acervulina*, and *Eimeria maxima*.
- **Transmission**:
- **Fecal-Oral Route**: Birds contract coccidiosis by ingesting oocysts (the infectious form of the parasite) shed in the feces of infected birds.
- **Contaminated Environment**: Oocysts can survive in moist, warm litter and soil, making hygiene and litter management important for control.
Symptoms of Coccidiosis
The severity of symptoms depends on the *Eimeria* species, the bird’s age, and environmental conditions.
1. **Intestinal Symptoms**:
- **Diarrhea**, often with mucus and sometimes blood (especially in cases caused by *E. tenella* or *E. necatrix*).
- Dehydration due to fluid loss in severe infections.
- **Loss of appetite** and reduced feed intake.
2. **Poor Growth and Development**:
- Weight loss and poor growth, particularly in young chicks.
- Stunted development and decreased feed efficiency.
3. **Lethargy and Weakness**:
- Birds may appear listless, ruffled, and reluctant to move.
- Some severely affected birds may huddle together or have drooping wings.
4. **Mortality**:
- In cases of severe infection, high mortality rates can occur, especially in young birds.
Diagnosis of Coccidiosis
- **Clinical Signs**: Observation of diarrhea, weight loss, and reduced activity can indicate coccidiosis, especially in young flocks.
- **Laboratory Testing**:
- Microscopic examination of fecal samples to identify oocysts.
- Necropsy to inspect for lesions in the intestines, which can help determine the specific *Eimeria* species.
Prevention of Coccidiosis
1. **Vaccination**:
- Coccidiosis vaccines, typically containing live but attenuated (weakened) *Eimeria* species, are available and can help build immunity, especially in young birds.
- Vaccination is common in breeding flocks and commercial operations to reduce reliance on anticoccidial drugs.
2. **Biosecurity and Sanitation**:
- Regularly clean and disinfect housing to reduce oocyst buildup.
- Keep litter dry and replace it periodically to limit the conditions favorable for oocyst survival.
3. **Environmental Control**:
- Reduce moisture in the environment by ensuring proper ventilation and using dry litter material.
- Avoid overcrowding, as higher bird density increases the risk of fecal contamination and parasite spread.
4. **Coccidiostats in Feed**:
- Coccidiostats (anticoccidial drugs) are often added to poultry feed to prevent coccidiosis. These drugs inhibit the growth of *Eimeria* parasites.
- Examples include **amprolium**, **monensin**, **salinomycin**, and **narasin**.
- **Rotation** of coccidiostats is recommended to prevent drug resistance.
Treatment of Coccidiosis
If an outbreak occurs, treatment should be started immediately, as coccidiosis progresses rapidly.
1. **Anticoccidial Medications**:
- **Amprolium** is a common treatment that can be administered in drinking water. It helps to inhibit the parasite's development in the gut.
- Other treatments include **sulfadimethoxine** and **sulfaquinoxaline**.
- Dosage and treatment duration depend on the medication type and bird age, so it’s essential to follow veterinary advice.
2. **Supportive Care**:
- Provide clean, fresh water to prevent dehydration, as fluid loss can be significant.
- Adding electrolytes and vitamins (such as A and K) to the water can help reduce stress and aid recovery.
Impact of Coccidiosis on Poultry Production
Coccidiosis can cause significant economic losses in poultry production due to:
- Poor growth rates and reduced feed conversion.
- Decreased egg production in layers and breeders.
- Costs associated with medication and treatment.
- Mortality and increased susceptibility to secondary infections.
Summary
Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease in poultry that affects the intestines, leading to diarrhea, poor growth, lethargy, and mortality, especially in young birds. Prevention is primarily achieved through proper hygiene, vaccination, environmental control, and the use of coccidiostats. Early detection and timely treatment with anticoccidial drugs are essential to manage outbreaks. By maintaining good litter management, biosecurity, and strategic use of medications, farmers can effectively reduce the impact of coccidiosis on their poultry flocks.
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