Live Broiler Chicken Rate
Nepal
Live chicken rate which are changed during 2079 Magh are as follows
Rate had been changed three time during this month
- 2079.10.29 Live broiler chicken rate Rs. 250
- 2079.10.19 Live broiler chicken rate Rs. 240
- 2079.10.03 Live broiler chicken rate Rs. 250
Eye Swelling in PoultryEye swelling in chickens is a common symptom that can indicate various underlying health issues, ranging from infections to environmental irritants. Identifying and treating the root cause promptly is crucial, as eye problems can lead to reduced feed intake, weight loss, and potential transmission to other flock members if the cause is infectious. Here are common causes of eye swelling in chickens, along with symptoms, prevention, and treatment options.
Common Causes of Eye Swelling in Chickens
1. Respiratory Infections: - **Infectious Coryza**: Caused by *Avibacterium paragallinarum*, this bacterial infection leads to swelling around the eyes, discharge, and a foul odor. It spreads rapidly in flocks. - **Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG)**: This is a common respiratory disease in chickens. Symptoms include swollen eyes, nasal discharge, and difficulty breathing. - **Newcastle Disease**: A viral infection that can cause respiratory symptoms, including eye swelling, nasal discharge, and severe respiratory distress.
2. **Sinusitis**: - Chickens have air-filled sinuses near the eyes, and sinus infections (often secondary to respiratory infections) can cause swelling around the eyes and head.
3. **Infectious Bronchitis**: - This viral disease affects the respiratory system and can cause swollen eyes due to sinus inflammation. Other symptoms include coughing, nasal discharge, and poor egg production in layers.
4. **Fungal Infections (Aspergillosis)**: - Caused by moldy feed or litter, aspergillosis can lead to eye swelling, respiratory issues, and lethargy. Moldy environments can cause fungal spores to irritate the respiratory tract and eyes.
5. **Vitamin A Deficiency**: - Chickens with a vitamin A deficiency may develop eye problems, including swelling, discharge, and a white or thickened appearance of the eye membrane. Vitamin A is essential for maintaining healthy mucous membranes.
6. **Environmental Irritants**: - Ammonia buildup from poor ventilation or wet litter can irritate the eyes, causing swelling, redness, and tearing. Dusty feed, bedding, or exposure to smoke can also irritate chickens’ eyes.
7. **Injury or Trauma**: - Physical injury from pecking, scratching, or foreign objects (like dust or straw) can cause swelling around the eye.
8. **Parasites**: - Eye worms (*Oxyspirura mansoni*) are a type of parasitic infection that can cause eye swelling, discharge, and even blindness if left untreated. They are more common in certain geographic areas, particularly warm climates.
Symptoms of Eye Swelling in Chickens
- **Swollen or Puffy Eyes**: This is often the most visible sign and may affect one or both eyes.- **Eye Discharge**: Watery, foamy, or thick discharge around the eyes is common in infections and respiratory diseases.- **Redness and Irritation**: The skin around the eye may become red and inflamed.- **Sneezing and Coughing**: Respiratory symptoms are often seen alongside eye swelling in respiratory infections.- **Reduced Appetite and Activity**: Chickens may eat less and appear lethargic due to discomfort or difficulty seeing.- **Crust or Debris around the Eyes**: This can indicate infection or irritation.
Prevention of Eye Swelling in Chickens
1. **Maintain Clean, Well-Ventilated Housing**: - Regularly clean coops, ensure dry bedding, and remove any moldy feed or litter to prevent fungal growth. - Good ventilation reduces ammonia buildup, which can irritate the eyes and respiratory tract.
2. **Implement Biosecurity Practices**: - Limit access to wild birds and animals that could bring diseases into the flock. - Quarantine new birds before introducing them to the flock to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
3. **Regular Health Monitoring**: - Observe your chickens regularly for early signs of illness, such as swelling, discharge, or respiratory distress.
4. **Ensure Nutritional Balance**: - Provide a well-balanced diet, especially adequate vitamin A, to support immune health and eye tissue integrity.
5. **Avoid Overcrowding**: - Overcrowded conditions increase stress, reduce air quality, and make it easier for infections to spread.
6. **Control Dust**: - Use low-dust bedding and avoid excessively dusty feed. Excess dust in the coop can irritate chickens' eyes and respiratory systems.
Treatment of Eye Swelling in Chickens
1. **Identify and Treat Underlying Infections**: - **Antibiotics**: For bacterial infections like infectious coryza or Mycoplasma, antibiotics such as oxytetracycline, tylosin, or erythromycin may be prescribed by a veterinarian. - **Antifungal Treatment**: If fungal infection is suspected, remove the source of mold, clean the environment thoroughly, and consider antifungal treatments. - **Antiviral Management**: There is no specific treatment for viral infections, but supportive care, like electrolytes and vitamins, can help the bird recover.
2. **Isolate Infected Birds**: - If infection is suspected, isolate affected birds to prevent the spread of disease to healthy members of the flock.
3. **Eye Drops or Saline Rinses**: - Flush the affected eye with saline solution to remove debris or discharge. In mild cases, over-the-counter antibiotic eye drops (like those containing neomycin or bacitracin) may help reduce infection and soothe the eye. - Always consult a vet before applying any eye medication.
4. **Provide Vitamin A Supplements**: - If a vitamin A deficiency is suspected, supplement the diet with vitamin A-rich foods or add vitamin A supplements as recommended.
5. **Reduce Ammonia Levels**: - Improve ventilation and replace wet litter with dry, clean bedding to prevent further irritation from ammonia.
6. **Treat for Eye Worms (if Applicable)**: - In cases of eye worm infection, dewormers such as levamisole can be administered. Manual removal of the worms may be needed in severe cases; a vet can assist with this.
7. **Supportive Care**: - Provide fresh water, electrolyte supplements, and easily accessible food to help affected chickens maintain strength while they recover.
Summary
Eye swelling in chickens can be due to infections, nutritional deficiencies, environmental irritants, or injury. Prevention focuses on good coop hygiene, balanced nutrition, and biosecurity. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause, whether it’s an infection, vitamin deficiency, or environmental issue. Consulting a veterinarian is often necessary to determine the exact cause and appropriate treatment, especially if the condition persists or worsens.
Eye swelling in chickens is a common symptom that can indicate various underlying health issues, ranging from infections to environmental irritants. Identifying and treating the root cause promptly is crucial, as eye problems can lead to reduced feed intake, weight loss, and potential transmission to other flock members if the cause is infectious. Here are common causes of eye swelling in chickens, along with symptoms, prevention, and treatment options.
Common Causes of Eye Swelling in Chickens
1. Respiratory Infections:
- **Infectious Coryza**: Caused by *Avibacterium paragallinarum*, this bacterial infection leads to swelling around the eyes, discharge, and a foul odor. It spreads rapidly in flocks.
- **Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG)**: This is a common respiratory disease in chickens. Symptoms include swollen eyes, nasal discharge, and difficulty breathing.
- **Newcastle Disease**: A viral infection that can cause respiratory symptoms, including eye swelling, nasal discharge, and severe respiratory distress.
2. **Sinusitis**:
- Chickens have air-filled sinuses near the eyes, and sinus infections (often secondary to respiratory infections) can cause swelling around the eyes and head.
3. **Infectious Bronchitis**:
- This viral disease affects the respiratory system and can cause swollen eyes due to sinus inflammation. Other symptoms include coughing, nasal discharge, and poor egg production in layers.
4. **Fungal Infections (Aspergillosis)**:
- Caused by moldy feed or litter, aspergillosis can lead to eye swelling, respiratory issues, and lethargy. Moldy environments can cause fungal spores to irritate the respiratory tract and eyes.
5. **Vitamin A Deficiency**:
- Chickens with a vitamin A deficiency may develop eye problems, including swelling, discharge, and a white or thickened appearance of the eye membrane. Vitamin A is essential for maintaining healthy mucous membranes.
6. **Environmental Irritants**:
- Ammonia buildup from poor ventilation or wet litter can irritate the eyes, causing swelling, redness, and tearing. Dusty feed, bedding, or exposure to smoke can also irritate chickens’ eyes.
7. **Injury or Trauma**:
- Physical injury from pecking, scratching, or foreign objects (like dust or straw) can cause swelling around the eye.
8. **Parasites**:
- Eye worms (*Oxyspirura mansoni*) are a type of parasitic infection that can cause eye swelling, discharge, and even blindness if left untreated. They are more common in certain geographic areas, particularly warm climates.
Symptoms of Eye Swelling in Chickens
- **Swollen or Puffy Eyes**: This is often the most visible sign and may affect one or both eyes.
- **Eye Discharge**: Watery, foamy, or thick discharge around the eyes is common in infections and respiratory diseases.
- **Redness and Irritation**: The skin around the eye may become red and inflamed.
- **Sneezing and Coughing**: Respiratory symptoms are often seen alongside eye swelling in respiratory infections.
- **Reduced Appetite and Activity**: Chickens may eat less and appear lethargic due to discomfort or difficulty seeing.
- **Crust or Debris around the Eyes**: This can indicate infection or irritation.
Prevention of Eye Swelling in Chickens
1. **Maintain Clean, Well-Ventilated Housing**:
- Regularly clean coops, ensure dry bedding, and remove any moldy feed or litter to prevent fungal growth.
- Good ventilation reduces ammonia buildup, which can irritate the eyes and respiratory tract.
2. **Implement Biosecurity Practices**:
- Limit access to wild birds and animals that could bring diseases into the flock.
- Quarantine new birds before introducing them to the flock to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
3. **Regular Health Monitoring**:
- Observe your chickens regularly for early signs of illness, such as swelling, discharge, or respiratory distress.
4. **Ensure Nutritional Balance**:
- Provide a well-balanced diet, especially adequate vitamin A, to support immune health and eye tissue integrity.
5. **Avoid Overcrowding**:
- Overcrowded conditions increase stress, reduce air quality, and make it easier for infections to spread.
6. **Control Dust**:
- Use low-dust bedding and avoid excessively dusty feed. Excess dust in the coop can irritate chickens' eyes and respiratory systems.
Treatment of Eye Swelling in Chickens
1. **Identify and Treat Underlying Infections**:
- **Antibiotics**: For bacterial infections like infectious coryza or Mycoplasma, antibiotics such as oxytetracycline, tylosin, or erythromycin may be prescribed by a veterinarian.
- **Antifungal Treatment**: If fungal infection is suspected, remove the source of mold, clean the environment thoroughly, and consider antifungal treatments.
- **Antiviral Management**: There is no specific treatment for viral infections, but supportive care, like electrolytes and vitamins, can help the bird recover.
2. **Isolate Infected Birds**:
- If infection is suspected, isolate affected birds to prevent the spread of disease to healthy members of the flock.
3. **Eye Drops or Saline Rinses**:
- Flush the affected eye with saline solution to remove debris or discharge. In mild cases, over-the-counter antibiotic eye drops (like those containing neomycin or bacitracin) may help reduce infection and soothe the eye.
- Always consult a vet before applying any eye medication.
4. **Provide Vitamin A Supplements**:
- If a vitamin A deficiency is suspected, supplement the diet with vitamin A-rich foods or add vitamin A supplements as recommended.
5. **Reduce Ammonia Levels**:
- Improve ventilation and replace wet litter with dry, clean bedding to prevent further irritation from ammonia.
6. **Treat for Eye Worms (if Applicable)**:
- In cases of eye worm infection, dewormers such as levamisole can be administered. Manual removal of the worms may be needed in severe cases; a vet can assist with this.
7. **Supportive Care**:
- Provide fresh water, electrolyte supplements, and easily accessible food to help affected chickens maintain strength while they recover.
Summary
Eye swelling in chickens can be due to infections, nutritional deficiencies, environmental irritants, or injury. Prevention focuses on good coop hygiene, balanced nutrition, and biosecurity. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause, whether it’s an infection, vitamin deficiency, or environmental issue. Consulting a veterinarian is often necessary to determine the exact cause and appropriate treatment, especially if the condition persists or worsens.
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