Live Broiler Chicken Rate
Nepal
Live chicken rate which are changed during 2079 Mangsir are as follows
Rate had been changed four time during this month
- 2079.08.26 Live broiler chicken rate Rs. 240
- 2079.08.23 Live broiler chicken rate Rs. 230
- 2079.08.14 Live broiler chicken rate Rs. 220
- 2079.08.11 Live broiler chicken rate Rs. 230
Infectious Bronchitis in poultry
**Infectious Bronchitis (IB)** is a highly contagious viral disease that affects the respiratory system, kidneys, and reproductive tract of poultry. It primarily impacts chickens but can affect other poultry species. This disease can lead to reduced productivity, poor growth, and even death in severe cases. Proper management, vaccination, and biosecurity are essential to controlling the spread of IB.
Cause of Infectious Bronchitis
- **Virus**: Infectious bronchitis is caused by a coronavirus (Infectious Bronchitis Virus, or IBV).
- **Transmission**: The virus spreads rapidly through respiratory droplets, contaminated feed, water, equipment, and even personnel. It can also spread through the air, making it very contagious.
Symptoms of Infectious Bronchitis
The symptoms of IB may vary depending on the age of the birds, the strain of the virus, and environmental factors. Symptoms typically appear within 48 hours of infection.
1. **Respiratory Symptoms**:
- Coughing, sneezing, and gasping for air
- Nasal discharge and watery eyes
- Tracheal rales (rattling sounds) when breathing
2. **Egg Production Issues**:
- Drop in egg production, often by up to 50% or more
- Production of poor-quality eggs, with thin, misshapen, or rough shells
- Watery albumen in the eggs
3. **Growth and Development**:
- Poor growth rates, especially in young chicks
- Stunted development and lower feed conversion efficiency
4. **Kidney Damage** (in nephropathogenic strains):
- Pale, swollen kidneys
- Excessive thirst and watery diarrhea
5. **Mortality**:
- Although IB does not usually cause high mortality, secondary infections (like E. coli) can increase mortality rates.
Diagnosis of Infectious Bronchitis
- **Clinical Signs and History**: Observation of respiratory symptoms, egg production issues, and poor growth in young birds can indicate IB.
- **Laboratory Testing**: PCR, ELISA, and virus isolation tests can confirm the presence of the virus. This is especially important as other diseases (e.g., Mycoplasma infections) can show similar symptoms.
Prevention of Infectious Bronchitis
1. **Vaccination**:
- **Live Vaccines**: These are commonly used and provide immunity quickly, often used in young chicks.
- **Inactivated Vaccines**: These are typically administered to laying hens and breeders to provide longer-term immunity.
- Vaccination schedules should be tailored based on the flock's needs, disease prevalence, and environmental conditions.
2. **Biosecurity**:
- Maintain strict biosecurity to reduce the spread of the virus. Limit access to the poultry area, disinfect equipment, and implement protective measures for workers and visitors.
- Prevent contact with wild birds, which can act as carriers of the virus.
3. **Environmental Management**:
- Provide good ventilation to reduce respiratory stress.
- Maintain a clean and dry environment to prevent secondary infections that can worsen symptoms.
Treatment of Infectious Bronchitis
There is no specific antiviral treatment for IBV. Management focuses on supportive care to reduce stress and prevent secondary bacterial infections.
1. **Supportive Care**:
- Provide fresh water and good-quality feed.
- Ensure proper ventilation and reduce environmental stress.
2. **Antibiotics for Secondary Infections**:
- Antibiotics, like oxytetracycline, can help control secondary bacterial infections such as *E. coli*, which can worsen the severity of IB symptoms.
3. **Electrolytes and Vitamins**:
- Electrolytes and vitamins can be added to the water to help birds recover faster and manage dehydration, especially in cases involving kidney strain.
Impact on Productivity
IB can lead to a significant economic impact on poultry farms due to decreased egg production, poor egg quality, reduced growth rates in broilers, and increased mortality in young birds, especially if secondary infections occur.
Summary
Infectious Bronchitis in poultry is a contagious viral disease that affects the respiratory, renal, and reproductive systems. Prevention through vaccination and strict biosecurity practices is essential, as there is no cure for the virus. Management efforts focus on supportive care, controlling secondary infections, and maintaining good environmental conditions to help birds recover. Regular monitoring and a well-designed vaccination program are key in managing IB in poultry operations.
Infectious Bronchitis in poultry
**Infectious Bronchitis (IB)** is a highly contagious viral disease that affects the respiratory system, kidneys, and reproductive tract of poultry. It primarily impacts chickens but can affect other poultry species. This disease can lead to reduced productivity, poor growth, and even death in severe cases. Proper management, vaccination, and biosecurity are essential to controlling the spread of IB.
Cause of Infectious Bronchitis
- **Virus**: Infectious bronchitis is caused by a coronavirus (Infectious Bronchitis Virus, or IBV).
- **Transmission**: The virus spreads rapidly through respiratory droplets, contaminated feed, water, equipment, and even personnel. It can also spread through the air, making it very contagious.
Symptoms of Infectious Bronchitis
The symptoms of IB may vary depending on the age of the birds, the strain of the virus, and environmental factors. Symptoms typically appear within 48 hours of infection.
1. **Respiratory Symptoms**:
- Coughing, sneezing, and gasping for air
- Nasal discharge and watery eyes
- Tracheal rales (rattling sounds) when breathing
2. **Egg Production Issues**:
- Drop in egg production, often by up to 50% or more
- Production of poor-quality eggs, with thin, misshapen, or rough shells
- Watery albumen in the eggs
3. **Growth and Development**:
- Poor growth rates, especially in young chicks
- Stunted development and lower feed conversion efficiency
4. **Kidney Damage** (in nephropathogenic strains):
- Pale, swollen kidneys
- Excessive thirst and watery diarrhea
5. **Mortality**:
- Although IB does not usually cause high mortality, secondary infections (like E. coli) can increase mortality rates.
Diagnosis of Infectious Bronchitis
- **Clinical Signs and History**: Observation of respiratory symptoms, egg production issues, and poor growth in young birds can indicate IB.
- **Laboratory Testing**: PCR, ELISA, and virus isolation tests can confirm the presence of the virus. This is especially important as other diseases (e.g., Mycoplasma infections) can show similar symptoms.
Prevention of Infectious Bronchitis
1. **Vaccination**:
- **Live Vaccines**: These are commonly used and provide immunity quickly, often used in young chicks.
- **Inactivated Vaccines**: These are typically administered to laying hens and breeders to provide longer-term immunity.
- Vaccination schedules should be tailored based on the flock's needs, disease prevalence, and environmental conditions.
2. **Biosecurity**:
- Maintain strict biosecurity to reduce the spread of the virus. Limit access to the poultry area, disinfect equipment, and implement protective measures for workers and visitors.
- Prevent contact with wild birds, which can act as carriers of the virus.
3. **Environmental Management**:
- Provide good ventilation to reduce respiratory stress.
- Maintain a clean and dry environment to prevent secondary infections that can worsen symptoms.
Treatment of Infectious Bronchitis
There is no specific antiviral treatment for IBV. Management focuses on supportive care to reduce stress and prevent secondary bacterial infections.
1. **Supportive Care**:
- Provide fresh water and good-quality feed.
- Ensure proper ventilation and reduce environmental stress.
2. **Antibiotics for Secondary Infections**:
- Antibiotics, like oxytetracycline, can help control secondary bacterial infections such as *E. coli*, which can worsen the severity of IB symptoms.
3. **Electrolytes and Vitamins**:
- Electrolytes and vitamins can be added to the water to help birds recover faster and manage dehydration, especially in cases involving kidney strain.
Impact on Productivity
IB can lead to a significant economic impact on poultry farms due to decreased egg production, poor egg quality, reduced growth rates in broilers, and increased mortality in young birds, especially if secondary infections occur.
Summary
Infectious Bronchitis in poultry is a contagious viral disease that affects the respiratory, renal, and reproductive systems. Prevention through vaccination and strict biosecurity practices is essential, as there is no cure for the virus. Management efforts focus on supportive care, controlling secondary infections, and maintaining good environmental conditions to help birds recover. Regular monitoring and a well-designed vaccination program are key in managing IB in poultry operations.
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